Neuroendocrine tumors are a rare form of cancer that originate in specialized cells known as neuroendocrine cells. These cells exhibit characteristics similar to both nerve cells and hormone-producing cells. Neuroendocrine tumors can develop anywhere in the body, but they most commonly occur in the lungs, appendix, small intestine, rectum, and pancreas.
Neuroendocrine tumors vary significantly in their behavior and presentation. They can be broadly classified into two categories:
Functional Neuroendocrine Tumors: These tumors produce excess hormones, leading to a variety of symptoms.
Nonfunctional Neuroendocrine Tumors: These tumors do not produce hormones or do not release enough hormones to cause noticeable symptoms.
Diagnosis and Symptoms: The diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors depend on several factors, including the type of tumor, its location, its hormone-producing activity, its aggressiveness, and whether it has metastasized (spread to other parts of the body).
Common signs and symptoms of neuroendocrine tumors include:
General Symptoms: Pain from a growing tumor, a palpable lump under the skin, unusual fatigue, and unexplained weight loss.
Symptoms of Functional Tumors: These may include skin flushing, diarrhea, frequent urination, increased thirst, dizziness, shakiness, and skin rash.
